Publications

Compressed air energy storage (CAES) plants use off-peak electricity to compress air into an air store reservoir. When electricity is needed, the air is withdrawn, heated by a fuel or from the plant’s compressor “waste” heat, and run through expansion turbines to drive an electric generator. If fuel is used to heat the stored air, the CAES plant burns about one-third the premium fuel of a conventional combustion turbine and thus produces about one-third the pollutants (e.g., CO2, NOx ) per kWh generated. The compressed air can be stored in several types of underground media including porous rock formations, depleted natural gas/oil fields, and caverns in salt or rock formations.

When using underground geologic formations to store the air, long hours of energy can be stored cost-effectively, and such plants are much less expensive than pumped hydroelectric plants to build. The compressed air can also be stored in above ground or near surface pressured air pipelines (including those used to transport high pressure natural gas), but due to cost concerns, such above ground air store plants can only store about 2 to 4 hours of energy cost-effectively.

Compressed Air Energy Storage Publications:

• Energy Storage and Power Brochure
  Energy Storage and Power LLC, 2008
  
  
• CAES Technical Brochure
  Energy Storage and Power LLC, 2008
  
  
• Novel Compressed Air Energy Storage Concepts
  Dr. Michael Nakhamkin, EESAT, May 2007
  
  
• New Utility Scale CAES Technology: Performance and Benefits (Including CO2 Benefits)
  Dr. Michael Nakhamkin, Pramod Kulkarni (CEC), Robert B. Schainker (EPRI) and Tom Key (EPRI), September 2007
  
  
• Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage Demonstration
  Electric Power Research Institute, May 2008
  


• Available Compressed Air Energy Storage(CAES) Plant Concepts
  Dr. Michael Nakhamkin, Power-Gen Conference, December 2007
  
  
• 15 MW CAES Plant Demonstration Project Sponsored by EPRI
  Dr. Michael Nakhamkin, April 2008
  


• New Compressed Air Energy Storage Concept Can Improve the Profitability of Existing Simple Cycle, Combined Cycle Wind Energy and Landfill Gas Conbustion Turbine-based Power Plants
  Dr. Michael Nakhamkin, Turbo-Expo, June 2004

Power Augmentation Publications:

• The Air Injection Power Augmentation Technology Provides Additional Significant Operational Benefits
  Dr. Michael Nakhamkin, ASME Turbo Expo, May 2007
  
  
• Power Augmentation using Air Injection, an Alternative solution to Peak Power Demands—using the large installed base of existing GT & CC power plants
  Dr. Michael Nakhamkin, Electric Power Conference, 2007
  
  
• Water Injection a Concern? Add a Compressor to Boost GT Output
  Dr. Michael Nakhamkin, Combined Cycle Journal, Spring 2004
  
  
• Power Augmentation of Heavy Duty and Two-Shaft Small and Medium Capacity Combustion Turbines with Application of Humid Air Injection and Dry Air Injection Technologies
  Dr. Michael Nakhamkin, JPGC, March 2004
  
  
• Lower Fuel Costs Sometimes Beat Higher Output
  Dr. Michael Nakhamkin, Power Engineering, February 2004
  
  
• Fr7B Peakers are Prime Prospects for Humid Air Injection Technology
  Dr. Michael Nakhamkin, Gas Turbine World, Sep.-Oct. 2003
  
  
• Humid Air Injection Turns to Off-the-shelf Equipment to Enhance Viability for Combustion Turbine Power Augmentation
  Dr. Michael Nakhamkin, Power Engineering, July 2003
  
  
• Humid Air Injection Power Augmentation Technology Has Arrived
  Dr. Michael Nakhamkin, ASME Turbo Expo, June 2003
  
  
• Air Injected Power Augmentation Validated by Fr7FA Peaker Tests
  Dr. Michael Nakhamkin, Gas Turbine World April – May 2002
  
  
• Injecting Humidified and Heated Air to Meet Peak Power Demands
  Dr. Michael Nakhamkin, ASME Turbo Expo, May 2000
  
  
• Humidified Air Injection Raised Peak Turbine Output
  Dr. Michael Nakhamkin, Power Engineering, November 1999
  
  
• Compressed Air Inflates Gas Turbine Output
  Dr. Michael Nakhamkin, Power Engineering, March 1999
  
  
• Combustion Studies of Natural Gas and Syn-Gas with Humid Air
  Electric Power Research Institute, 1994
  
  

Dr. Nakhamkin has published 60 articles and reports on CAES technology. To receive a full listing of Dr. Nakhamkin’s publications, please contact ES&P at info@EnergyStorageAndPower.com